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In modern architecture, more and more options are used for open spaces that are not burdened with internal partitions (the so-called "open space"). These can be open areas of offices, separated only by mobile partitions, demo rooms, trading rooms, corridors and halls of exhibition centers, airport waiting halls, checkout areas of shopping centers and shops, medical halls and chambers, corridors and recreation, art halls of museums and sports areas of covered pavilions and centers. During the design and subsequent operation of the cable system in such premises, the key question invariably arises: how to optimally build a network of workplaces in the immediate distance from walls and ceilings, without violating the architecture of the above premises? This situation is possible when designing large halls and halls,premises with a large number of distributed telecommunications and energy, as well as special equipment, in places of high traffic of employees, customers and consumers. To solve this problem in such premises, when the only possible place for laying cables and distributing consumers is only the space under the floor and / or directly in the embedded floor (in the case of a monolithic concrete floor), systems of cable traps and minicolumns are traditionally used.when the only possible place for laying cables and distributing consumers is only the space under the floor and / or directly in the embedded floor (in the case of a monolithic concrete floor), systems of cable traps and minicolumns are traditionally used.when the only possible place for laying cables and distributing consumers is only the space under the floor and / or directly in the embedded floor (in the case of a monolithic concrete floor), systems of cable traps and minicolumns are traditionally used.
There are two main ways of organizing cable systems and building the structure of consumers in such a situation:
a) using a system of cable channels and boxes for routing cable bundles and wires, as well as the subsequent installation of hatches for electrical installation and information modules, or direct installation of hatches in cement or false -floors;
b) the use of a minicolumn system for organizing workplaces and building a distribution structure for consumers directly on the open floor, regardless of its design, in the case of a capital base floor.
The use of a system of cabling and organization of workplaces for raised floors.
 Let us consider in more detail the existing traditional structures of raised floors and monolithic cast concrete floors. The former include high raised floors on adjustable racks, traditionally used in computer rooms and server rooms, as well as integrated low-profile raised floors, as a rule, used in the case of flooring in large open halls. Among European manufacturers, they have a similar design and may differ in overall dimensions and thickness of the slabs, decorative finishes, materials and texture of the slab itself. The most common in Russia are the following manufacturers of modular flooring systems: UNIFLAIR (Italy), JANSEN (Belgium), Legrand (France), Kingspan (England), "Raised floor" (DNT, Russia).
In the raised floor systems of the above manufacturers, you can easily integrate cable hatches made of various construction materials: ABS plastic, polyamide compositions, aluminum, brass, bronze, steel and, accordingly, various degrees of protection (from IP20 to IP44, and in some cases up to IP54 ), differing in their geometry and the number of places for the installation of wiring accessories and information connectors, as well as the organization of cable networks. At the same time, special attention is paid to the degree of people attending these premises, because the material of the hatch should be selected based on the direct load on its area, for example, per 1 cm2, as well as the degree of anti-vandalism (protection from mechanical damage). It should be explained that the hatch,made of ABS plastic and perfectly used for a workplace in the office of a small company or in a hospital room, it will not be possible to apply, say, in the construction of a floor intended for a showroom of a car dealership or an airport corridor hall through which electric cars or electric cleaning vehicles run.  In this case, you cannot do without the use of construction materials - aluminum or brass. A similar example is also obvious when considering the model of the checkout hall of a large hypermarket, where a large flow of consumers passes along the checkout and it is necessary to protect the checkout workplace from deformation and vandalism. The design of the hatches can be different and contain various options for places for installing sockets and modules, as a rule, from one to six, and sometimes more. When installing in raised floors, no additional level adjustments are required, because the hatches have a protective installation casing and when placed in raised floor slabs, sufficient space is formed for installing the hatch, its landing box and supplying cable bundles in corrugated or rigid pipes or on trays with supports on the base floor. Thus,hatches are easily integrated into the existing floor structure by inserting in the place where the customer or future consumer needs it. To connect to the power supply or data cables, you only need to install the corresponding power outlet module or information module in them. The hatch cover, as a rule, has special cable outlets, and the cover itself can have a removable false cover for installation in the resulting field of the main cover of a decorative floor covering in the form of carpet or laminate, linoleum or parquet, thus, the hatch is combined in color and texture in any raised floor covering design. There are also lid designs that do not imply false lids, however, as a rule, they are made of metals - aluminum or brass, less often bronze or steel.Such materials combine well with the main colors and textures of the floors and look in the "high-tech" style, while due to the increased degree of protection and properties of construction materials, the hatches have a high degree of vandal-proofness (protection against mechanical damage) and withstand the load several times higher than plastic. However, such a solution, especially in the case of raising raised floors, is not used as often, but rather more common in the case of a monolithic concrete floor.not used as often, but rather more common in the case of a monolithic concrete floor.not used as often, but rather more common in the case of a monolithic concrete floor.
The use of a system of cabling and organization of workplaces for flooded floors.
Such a solution, as a rule, can be implemented during the construction of a new building or major reconstruction. The installation of this system is directly related to construction work, since requires a concrete screed with a height of at least 55-65 mm over the entire area of the room. However, the system of laying in the design of power supply and information cable bundles directly into corrugated pipes made of polyolefins - HDPE or PP compositions (low pressure polyethylene and polypropylene) and / or steel main trays of a closed type (a blind tray with a lid without perforation) allows creating an extensive network of consumers in an open space and operate it in the future as the main and basic one. You can also envisage the network as a backup, for example,in the event of an increase in the number of users in the future, or create different supply lines. This way of placing workplaces and organizing cable routes is the most traditional and rational solution. An example of this, first of all, are the checkout areas of shopping centers, bank premises, airport halls, industrial premises, laboratory zones and halls of research centers, film sets of television centers, halls of hotels and hotels, halls of libraries and exhibition centers and other similar premises that require special distributed placement of work or backup places for consumers over the entire floor surface and away from walls to accommodate power supply and information modules. The system of electric hatches and embedded routes in corrugated pipes is especially convenient to use in buildings or premises,where the location of the dividing walls has not yet been determined or the layout is subject to constant changes.
As a rule, such systems for organizing wiring in concrete floors include, in addition to the hatches themselves, also highways in the form of steel "blind" trays, however, the simplest and most reliable solution is to lay cable bundles inside corrugated pipes of heavy type with a degree of protection IP55 and strength within 750N / 5kv.cm. Such an organization of cable routes allows, firstly, to easily change the trajectory of laying the beam for pouring into concrete at the stage of production or reconstruction of the floor itself, and secondly, to do without a set of various types of corners and fasteners, since the pipe is flexible, and, finally , a very important argument is to significantly reduce the cost of the route, since corrugated pipe 'heavy type' is specially designed for concrete casting and is used in all buildings,where slipforming technology is used inside walls, ceilings and floors. There is a set of inlet openings in the enclosures of the cover boxes made of high-alloy steel or impact-resistant plastic. When connecting a protective box with a corrugated pipe, couplings with a degree of protection from IP44 to IP66 are used, thus, the closed system is hermetically sealed and is able to withstand high loads under pressure on the future floor. The presence of several holes in the protective box of the hatch allows you to separate the inlets in corrugated pipes with power and low-current cables, thus initially solving the problem of interference and interference, forcibly separating the cable bundles. At the same time, using steel stationary broaches or special nylon broaches inside the corrugated line,you can extend additional backup cables and wires after the completion of the concrete floor. Of course, such a solution is less mobile than the organization of workplaces in hatches when using raised floors, but it completely solves the issue of equipping power points and connecting in rooms with a large flow of people or cars, where it is necessary to provide a large load on the floor.
Often during operation, the question arises about the tightness of the system in terms of the combination of material, floor surface and hatch cover. As a rule, this is due to the cleaning of the office or the hall where the hatches are located. As mentioned above, hatch systems can be different in degree of protection from IP20 to IP44, regardless of their overall dimensions and the number of posts for sockets and modules, therefore, when choosing a system of hatches and underground highways, it is necessary to provide a method for cleaning the main room (cleaning). Accordingly, hatches with a degree from IP20 to IP40 are unlikely to be able to withstand "wet cleaning", but for the most part they represent an excellent, inexpensive and aesthetic solution for offices, hotel halls, halls and premises with low and medium traffic, where, as a rule, ,carpet or laminate is used and the main cleaning method is "dry method" (vacuum cleaner or dry cleaning of the floor). In those rooms, especially with increased traffic or special rooms (hospital wards, laboratory rooms), where "wet cleaning" is recommended, it is reasonable to use hatches with a degree of protection from IP44 or higher. It also makes sense at the design stage to provide for floor loads and routes of employees and consumers by floor, since it is important to assess initially the degree of anti-vandalism (protection against mechanical damage) of the hatch cover and body, the number of posts (sockets and information modules) and its design. Among the European-made hatches in Russia there are MK (England), Quintela (Spain), Thorsman (Sweden), Ackermann (Germany), and from the Russian ones - the Ekoplast plant.Thus, the system of cable traps allows you to create an extensive branched network of consumers in an open space, without disrupting the architecture of the premises themselves.
A second very traditional way of distributing food points to workstations is an integrated system of mini-columns and associated cable routes located in the floor or above the raised floor. In the option of installing a raised floor, similar to the hatch system, distribution bundles of cables are laid in blind steel trays with supports on the base original floor, or, as a rule, they are bred through corrugated pipes from the power source (lead-in cabinet) to the very bases of the minicolumns.  Unlike cable trays, minicolumns are located directly on the raised floor slabs themselves or on the finished concrete floor surface. The support of the column is hidden by a pedestal framing frame, so that the place where the column itself is attached to the floor is invisible. As a rule, pedestal supports are in the form of steel brackets with holes for anchors and self-tapping screws (in the case of a raised floor). The minicolumn itself is a rigid profile having a one-sided or two-sided housing cavity with a cover for placement inside the housing of wiring devices, cable shelves-partitions for distributing power lines from low-current ones and a column cover. Since the columns rise above floor level, as a rule,from 350 to 660 mm (which is due to the required space for creating a working group of sockets and modules for each user or a pair of users), then the material of the columns is selected from the anti-vandal group, i.e. aluminum, less often steel. Among the possible options presented on the Russian market, it is worth noting products from THORSMAN (Sweden), Legrand (France), Quintela (Spain), Tehalit (Germany), Nordic Aluminum (Finland), and among Russian manufacturers, the only developer and manufacturer is the plant EKOPLAST (Russia). Minicolumn shapes can be of different designs, functional purpose - to serve one or several consumers at the same time. So, in the case of a low one-sided column up to 350mm,the working space inside the cabinet of the minicolumn can accommodate from one to four wiring devices, while the double-sided column 660 mm high (not higher than the level of any desktop in an office or office) already accommodates up to sixteen sockets or 32 modules, which means it is able to provide from 3 to 6 full-fledged consumers. This is convenient when using a computer, local area network, and a printer for each. As for the selection of wiring and information sockets for minicolumns, there is a wide choice both in shape and assortment, as well as in decorative and color solutions. But it is necessary to study the design of the column in advance, since some manufacturers make profiles for 45x45 mm modules (Legrand), while others - for the so-called "European standard", with a diameter of 60 mm between the landing screws (Quintela, Nordic,Aluminum). The columns of the domestic plant "Ekoplast", adapted both for 45x45 mm modules and for Eurostandard sockets with a diameter of 60 mm, are distinguished by a universal solution presented on the domestic market. According to the design, the columns can be made in the color of aluminum (anodized aluminum), and painted in different colors or have different decorative coatings. The use of such a construction material as aluminum makes it possible to increase the product life cycle several times, to create a reliable structure for the subsequent operation of the workplace and is perfectly combined with different types of interior and flooring.with a diameter of 60mm. According to the design, the columns can be made in the color of aluminum (anodized aluminum), and painted in different colors or have different decorative coatings. The use of such a construction material as aluminum makes it possible to increase the product life cycle several times, to create a reliable structure for the subsequent operation of the workplace and is perfectly combined with different types of interior and flooring.with a diameter of 60mm. According to the design, the columns can be made in the color of aluminum (anodized aluminum), and painted in different colors or have different decorative coatings. The use of such a construction material as aluminum makes it possible to increase the product life cycle several times, to create a reliable structure for the subsequent operation of the workplace and is perfectly combined with different types of interior and flooring.
Thus, the choice of one of the above solutions or a combination of cable trap systems and mini-columns allows you to completely and comprehensively solve problems such as power supply, as well as the distribution of work groups in rooms with a large space and at a distance from the main main walls without violating the architecture of the ceiling and themselves. walls of the room.
In fact, in the design and construction of power supply systems and distribution of information cables to the consumer, combinations of solutions are more often used, namely: wiring hatch systems are combined with mini-column systems, thereby allowing the space of a large hall and distributing cable systems to work groups and terminal devices. In closed rooms of such halls and halls, cable channels or corrugated pipes are used, where cable routes are laid in the main walls, inside the pipes themselves. Considering any project of a room with a large hall, it is obvious that in addition to the so-called "open space" there are various auxiliary rooms. For a car dealership, this is, for example, an office of technical services, a secretariat, an accounting and sales department. For a shopping center, these are technical premises,secretariat, department of management, etc. For the exhibition center - marketing department, internal services, management department. Inside these auxiliary rooms, it is logical to organize the distribution of work groups using a system of cable channels. Firstly, it saves time during installation, and secondly, inside the cases of the cable channel, additional new jobs can be provided with a large margin in case of expansion of departments. And, of course, in this kind of premises, you can use cable channels made of PVC compositions, which significantly reduces costs. However, it is worth foreseeing in advance and, preferably at the design stage, the cross-section of the cable channels themselves in such a way as to provide a reserve of the internal channel capacity from 35 to 50%.It is recommended to use the cross-section of the cable channel 40x100 or 55x100 with the number of users from 5-6 people and more inside the auxiliary room. With such a choice, it is always possible with a margin of safety to expand the working group of users by 2-4 times. Among the manufacturers of high-quality integrated systems of cable channels and an adapted system from European plants, one can single out: Quintela (Spain), Legrand (France), Bocchiotti (Italy), and from Russian manufacturers Ekoplast (Russia) and Dks (Russia) stand out with high-quality and integrated solutions. ). Usually, a large number of installation sockets and modules can be installed in the cross-sections of such cable channels and, since we are talking about a system, such boxes have all the necessary accessories - corners, turns, plugs and supports.With such a choice, it is always possible with a margin of safety to expand the working group of users by 2-4 times. Among the manufacturers of high-quality integrated systems of cable channels and an adapted system from European plants, one can single out: Quintela (Spain), Legrand (France), Bocchiotti (Italy), and from Russian manufacturers Ekoplast (Russia) and Dks (Russia) stand out with high-quality and integrated solutions. ). Usually, a large number of installation sockets and modules can be installed in the cross-sections of such cable channels and, since we are talking about a system, such boxes have all the necessary accessories - corners, turns, plugs and supports.With such a choice, it is always possible with a margin of safety to expand the working group of users by 2-4 times. Among the manufacturers of high-quality integrated systems of cable channels and an adapted system from European plants, one can single out: Quintela (Spain), Legrand (France), Bocchiotti (Italy), and from Russian manufacturers Ekoplast (Russia) and Dks (Russia) stand out with high-quality and integrated solutions. ). Usually, a large number of installation sockets and modules can be installed in the cross-sections of such cable channels, and since we are talking about a system, such boxes have all the necessary accessories - corners, turns, plugs and supports.Among the manufacturers of high-quality integrated systems of cable channels and an adapted system from European plants, one can single out: Quintela (Spain), Legrand (France), Bocchiotti (Italy), and from Russian manufacturers Ekoplast (Russia) and Dks (Russia) stand out with high-quality and integrated solutions. ). Usually, a large number of installation sockets and modules can be installed in the cross-sections of such cable channels and, since we are talking about a system, such boxes have all the necessary accessories - corners, turns, plugs and supports.Among the manufacturers of high-quality integrated cable channel systems and an adapted system from European plants, one can single out: Quintela (Spain), Legrand (France), Bocchiotti (Italy), and from Russian manufacturers Ekoplast (Russia) and Dks (Russia) stand out with high-quality and integrated solutions. ). Usually, a large number of installation sockets and modules can be installed in the cross-sections of such cable channels, and since we are talking about a system, such boxes have all the necessary accessories - corners, turns, plugs and supports.since we are talking about a system, such boxes have all the necessary accessories - corners, turns, plugs and calipers.Since we are talking about a system, such boxes have all the necessary accessories - corners, turns, plugs and calipers.  But, as in the case of minicolumns, it is necessary to first look at the method of attaching sockets and modules. If it is assumed that sockets for a frame structure of the "Eurostandard" type will be mounted in the cable channels, then the manufacturer must have special supports with a diameter of 60 mm between the seat screws of the support, for example, Rehau cable channels (Germany). If it is intended to use modular wiring products, then modular installation supports are required, for example, Legrand or Quintela boxes. Some manufacturers have universal solutions that allow you to mount both standards of sockets and modules in one cable channel housing, for example, from Efapel (Portugal) or EKOPLAST (Russia), so at the design stage, the question of the wiring standard disappears,since you can mount the network in any combination.
Thus, considering the tasks of providing and distributing power supply and information systems inside the premises, and in our case today we considered the option of a room with a large open space, it is worth compiling a set of hatch systems and / or cable installation minicolumns and corrugated pipes of heavy or light types for laying in- or under- floor of cable bundles for the main hall or hall and cable trunking systems for auxiliary rooms. This formula allows you to completely create an integrated solution for cable routes and organization of user groups and workplaces without damaging the main architecture of the room and its interior.
Dobin Oleg Nikolaevich
Head of the Cable Systems
Department CROSS LINK, Moscow.
+7 (495) 784-66-07
e-mail: oleg@crosslink.ru www.crosslink.ru
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