Overhead power lines with voltage up to 1kV

1.1.  This chapter of the Rules applies to overhead power transmission lines of alternating current with voltage up to 1 kV, carried out using insulated or uninsulated wires.
Cable inserts in the line and cable branches from the line must be made in accordance with the requirements.

1.2.  An overhead power line (VL) with a voltage of up to 1 kV is a device for the transmission and distribution of electricity through insulated or uninsulated wires located in the open air and attached by linear fittings to supports, insulators or brackets, to the walls of buildings and to engineering structures.
An overhead power line with a voltage of up to 1 kV using self-supporting insulated wires (SIP) is designated VLI.
Self-supporting insulated wire insulated conductors twisted into a bundle, and the carrying conductor can be either insulated or uninsulated. The mechanical load can be taken either by the carrier core or by all conductors of the harness.

1.3.  The overhead line is a section of the line from the supply transformer substation to the end support.
Linear branches or branches to the input can be connected to the overhead line.
Linear branch from the overhead line - a section of the line connected to the overhead line, which has more than two spans.
Branch from the overhead line to the input - the section from the support of the main line or linear branch to the clamp (bushing insulator).
A branch from VLI is allowed to be performed in the span.

1.4.  The state of the overhead line in the calculations of the mechanical part:
normal mode - mode with unbroken wires;
emergency mode - mode with broken wires;
assembly mode - mode in conditions of mounting supports and wires.
Mechanical calculation of overhead lines up to 1 kV in emergency mode is not performed.

1.5.  The mechanical calculation of the elements of the overhead line should be carried out according to the methods set forth in Ch. 2.5.

1.6.  Overhead power lines should be located so that the supports do not obstruct the entrances to buildings and entrances to courtyards and do not impede the movement of vehicles and pedestrians. In places where there is a danger of collision with vehicles (at the entrances to courtyards, near exits from the roads, when crossing roads), the supports must be protected from collisions (for example, bollards).

1.7.  On the overhead line supports at a height of at least 2 m from the ground, after 250 m on the overhead line mains, the following should be installed (applied): the serial number of the support; posters showing the distances from the overhead line support to the cable communication line (on the supports installed at a distance of less than 4 m to the communication cables), the width of the security zone and the phone number of the overhead line owner.

1.8.  When the VLI passes through forests and green spaces, cutting of glades is not required. In this case, the distance from the wires to trees and bushes with the largest SIP sag arrow and their greatest deviation should be at least 0.3 m.
When passing overhead lines with bare wires through forests and green spaces, cutting a clearing is not necessary. In this case, the distance from the wires with the largest sag arrow or the greatest deviation to trees and bushes should be at least 1 m.
The distance from insulated wires to green spaces should be at least 0.5 m.

1.9.  Overhead line support structures must be protected from corrosion, taking into account the requirements of 2.25, 2.26 and building codes.

1.10. Protection of overhead lines from electrical overloads should be performed in accordance with the requirements of Ch. 3.1.

1.11.  Climatic conditions for calculating overhead lines up to 1 kV in normal mode should be taken as for overhead lines up to 20 kV. In this case, for overhead lines up to 1 kV, it should be taken:
   when calculating according to 2.5.52: Cx = 1.1 - for self-supporting insulated wires, free or covered with ice;
Y _nw  = Y _ng  = 0.8 - for single-circuit overhead lines;
Y _nw  = Y _ng  = 0.9 - for single-circuit overhead lines with suspension on PV supports;
Y _nw  = 1.0 Y _ng  = 1.2 - for double-circuit and multi-circuit overhead lines, as well as when suspended on the overhead line supports of a self-supporting non-metallic optical cable (OCSN);
Y _p  = 1.0 and Kl = 1.0 - in all cases.

1.12. The calculation of the length of the branch span from the overhead line to the input according to 1.20 should be performed in ice mode for two cases:
1) wind direction at an angle of 90 ° to the axis of the overhead line, the overhead line wires are covered with ice b _e , the thickness of the ice wall on the branch wires b ₀  = 0.5 b _e  ;
2) the direction of the wind along the overhead line (angle 0 °), the thickness of the ice wall on the branch wires b ₀  = b _e .
In this case, in both cases, the reduction in the tension of the branch wires should be taken into account when the top of the support is deflected.

1.13.  On overhead lines, as a rule, self-supporting insulated wires (SIP) should be used.
The self-supporting insulated wire must be classified as protected, have insulation made of a light-stabilized synthetic material that is not easily combustible, resistant to ultraviolet radiation and ozone.

1.14.  According to the conditions of mechanical strength on the overhead lines, on the linear branch from the overhead line and on the branches, wires with the minimum cross-sections indicated in table should be used to the inputs. 1.1 and 1.2.

1.15. When constructing overhead lines in places where operating experience has established the destruction of wires from corrosion (seashores, salt lakes, industrial areas and areas of saline sands), as well as in places where, on the basis of these surveys, it is possible to use self-supporting insulated wires with an insulated core ...

1.16.  The overhead line, as a rule, should be carried out with wires of constant cross-section.
It is recommended that the section of the phase conductors of the overhead line be taken at least 50 sq. Mm.

1.17.  Mechanical calculation of wires should be carried out according to the method of permissible stresses. In this case, the voltages in the wires should not exceed the permissible voltages given in table. 1.3, and the distances from the wires to the earth's surface, crossed structures and grounded elements of the supports must meet the requirements of this chapter.

1.18.  All types of mechanical loads and influences on a self-supporting insulated wire with a carrier conductor must be perceived by this core, and on a self-supporting insulated wire without a supporting wire, all the cores of the twisted bundle must be perceived.

1.19.  The length of the branch span from the overhead line to the input should be determined by calculation depending on the strength of the support on which the branch is performed, the height of the branch wires on the support and at the input, the number and cross-section of the branch wires. At distances from the main line of the overhead line to the building, exceeding the calculated values ​​of the branch span, the required number of additional supports is established.

1.20.  The choice of the cross-section of current-carrying conductors for the long-term permissible current should be carried out taking into account the requirements of Ch. 1.3.
The cross-section of current-carrying conductors should be checked for the heating condition in case of short circuits (SC) and for thermal resistance.

1.21 . Fastening, connecting the self-supporting insulated
   wire and connecting to the self-supporting insulated wire should be carried out as follows: 1) fastening the wire of the VLI main line on intermediate and angular intermediate supports - using supporting clamps;
   2) fastening the wire of the VLI main line on anchor-type supports, as well as the end fastening of the branch wires on the VLI support and at the input - using tension clamps;
   3) connection of the VLI wire in the span - using special connecting clamps; in the loops of anchor-type supports, it is allowed to connect an uninsulated carrier wire using a plate clamp. Connecting clamps intended for connecting the carrier wire in the span must have a mechanical strength of at least 90% of the breaking strength of the wire;
   4) connection of the phase conductors of the VLI line - using connecting clamps with an insulating coating or a protective insulating sheath;
   5) the connection of wires in the branch span to the input is not allowed;
   6) connection of grounding conductors - using ram clamps;
   7) branch clamps should be used in the following cases: branches from phase conductors, with the exception of self-supporting insulated wire with all carrying conductors of the bundle; branches from the carrier.

1.22.  Fastening of supporting and tension clamps to VLI supports, walls of buildings and structures should be performed using hooks and brackets.

1.23.  The design forces in the supporting and tension clamps, attachment points and brackets in normal operation should not exceed 40% of their mechanical breaking load.

1.24.  Connections of wires in the spans of overhead lines should be made using connecting clamps that provide mechanical strength of at least 90% of the breaking strength of the wire.
In one span of overhead lines, no more than one connection is allowed for each wire.
In the spans of the intersection of overhead lines with engineering structures, the connection of overhead lines is not allowed.
The connection of the wires in the loops of the anchor supports should be done using clamps or welding.
Wires of different brands or cross-sections should be connected only in the loops of the anchor supports.

1.25.  Fastening of bare wires to insulators and insulating traverses on overhead line supports, with the exception of supports for intersections, is recommended to be single.
Fastening of bare wires to pin insulators on intermediate supports should be performed, as a rule, on the neck of the insulator from its inner side with respect to the support post.

1.26.  Hooks and pins should be calculated in the normal mode of operation of the overhead line using the method of breaking loads.
In this case, the forces should not exceed the permissible values.

1.27.  On the supports, any arrangement of insulated and non-insulated wires of overhead lines is allowed, regardless of the area of ​​climatic conditions. The neutral wire of overhead lines with bare wires, as a rule, should be located below the phase wires. Insulated outdoor lighting wires laid on VLI supports can be placed above or below the self-supporting insulated wire, and also be twisted into a self-supporting insulated wire harness. Uninsulated and insulated outdoor lighting wires laid on the overhead line supports should, as a rule, be located above the PEN (PE) conductor of the overhead line.

1.28.  Devices installed on supports for connecting electrical receivers must be located at a height of at least 1.6 m from the ground surface.
The protective and sectioning devices installed on the supports should be located below the overhead lines.

1.29. The distances between the bare wires on the support and in the span, according to the conditions of their convergence in the span with the largest sag up to 1.2 m, must be at least:
   with the vertical arrangement of the wires and the arrangement of the wires with a horizontal displacement of no more than 20 cm: 40 cm in I, II and III areas on ice, 60 cm in IV and special areas on ice;
   with other wire locations in all areas on ice at wind speed during ice: up to 18 m / s - 40 cm, more than 18 m / s - 60 cm.
   With the largest sag arrow of more than 1.2 m, the indicated distances should be increased in proportion to the ratio of the largest sag arrow to the sag arrow equal to 1.2 m.

1.30. The vertical distance between insulated and non-insulated wires of overhead lines of different phases on the support when branching off from overhead lines and when crossing different overhead lines on a common support should be at least 10 cm.
The distance from the overhead line wires to any support elements must be at least 5 cm.

1.31.  With joint suspension on common supports of VLI and overhead lines up to 1 kV, the vertical distance between them on the support and in the span at an ambient temperature of plus 15 ° C without wind should be at least 0.4 m.

1.32.  When two or more VLIs are jointly suspended on common supports, the distance between the self-supporting insulated wire harnesses must be at least 0.3 m.

1.33. With joint suspension on common supports of overhead lines up to 1 kV and overhead lines up to 20 kV, the vertical distance between the nearest overhead lines of different voltages on a common support, as well as in the middle of the span at an ambient temperature of plus 15 ° C without wind, should be at least:
   1, 0 m - when suspended self-supporting insulated wire with insulated carrier and with all carrier wires;
   1.75 m - when suspending self-supporting insulated wire with an uninsulated carrier wire;
   2.0 m - when suspending uninsulated and insulated wires of overhead lines up to 1 kV.

1.34. When suspended on common supports of overhead lines up to 1kV and protected wires of 6-20kV overhead lines, the vertical distance between the nearest overhead lines up to 1kV and 6-20kV overhead lines on the support and in the span at a temperature of + 15 ° C without wind should be at least 0.3 m for self-supporting insulated wire and 1.5 m for non-insulated and insulated wires of overhead lines up to 1 kV.

1.35.  Self-supporting insulated wire is attached to the poles without the use of insulators.

1.36.  On overhead lines with bare and insulated wires, regardless of the material of the supports, the degree of atmospheric pollution and the intensity of thunderstorm activity, insulators or traverses made of insulating materials should be used.

1.37.  On the supports of branches from overhead lines with bare and insulated wires, as a rule, multi-neck or additional insulators should be used.
Grounding. Overvoltage protection

1.38. On the overhead line supports, grounding devices must be made designed for re-grounding, protection against lightning overvoltages, grounding of electrical equipment installed on the overhead line supports. The resistance of the grounding device should be no more than 30 ohms.

1.39.  Metal supports, metal structures and reinforcement of reinforced concrete support elements must be connected to the PEN conductor.

1.40.  On reinforced concrete supports, the PEN conductor should be connected to the reinforcement of reinforced concrete struts and support struts.

1.41. Hooks and pins of wooden poles of overhead lines, as well as metal and reinforced concrete poles, when suspended on them a self-supporting insulated wire with an insulated carrying conductor or with all carrying conductors of the harness, are not subject to grounding, with the exception of hooks and pins on the supports, where repeated grounding and grounding are performed to protect against atmospheric overvoltage.

1.42.  Hooks, pins and fittings of overhead line supports with voltage up to 1 kV, limiting the span of the intersection, as well as supports on which joint suspension is made, must be grounded.

1.43.  On wooden poles of overhead lines, when switching to a cable line, the grounding conductor must be connected to the PEN-conductor of the overhead line and to the metal sheath of the cable.

1.44. Protective devices installed on overhead transmission line supports for protection against lightning overvoltages must be connected to the ground electrode by a separate descent.

1.45.  The connection of grounding conductors to each other, their connection to the upper grounding outlets of the racks of reinforced concrete supports, to hooks and brackets, as well as to grounded metal structures and to grounded electrical equipment installed on the overhead transmission line supports, must be performed by welding or bolted connections.
The connection of the grounding conductors (slopes) to the ground electrode in the ground must also be carried out by welding or have bolted connections.

1.46. In populated areas with one- and two-story buildings, overhead lines must have grounding devices designed to protect against atmospheric overvoltages. Resistance of grounding devices must be not more than 30 ohms, and the distance between them should be not more than 200 m for the areas with the number of hours per year storm to 40, 100 m - the number of areas for lightning hours, more than 40.
In addition, grounding devices must be made:
   1) on supports with branches to the inputs to buildings in which a large number of people can be concentrated (schools, nurseries, hospitals) or which are of great material value (livestock and poultry premises, warehouses);
   2) on the end supports of lines with branches to the inputs, while the greatest distance from the adjacent grounding of the same lines should be no more than 100 m for areas with the number of thunderstorm hours per year up to 40 and 50 m - for areas with the number of thunderstorm hours per year more than

40.147.  At the beginning and end of each VLI line, it is recommended to install clamps on the wires for connecting voltage monitoring devices and portable grounding.
It is recommended to combine grounding protection devices against lightning overvoltages with re-grounding of the PEN conductor.

1.48. Requirements for earthing devices, re-earthing and protective conductors. It is allowed to use round steel with an anti-corrosion coating with a diameter of at least 6 mm as grounding conductors on overhead lines.

1.49.  Guys of overhead line supports must be connected to the grounding conductor.
Supports

1.50.  Supports made of various materials can be used on overhead lines. For overhead lines, the following types of supports should be used:
   1) intermediate, installed on straight sections of the overhead line route. In normal operation, these supports should not perceive the efforts directed along the overhead line;
   2) anchor, installed to limit the anchor span, as well as in places where the number, brands and cross-sections of overhead lines change. These supports should perceive, in normal operating modes, the forces from the difference in the tension of the wires directed along the overhead line;
   3) angular, installed in places where the direction of the overhead line route changes. These supports under normal operating conditions must perceive the resulting load from the tension of the wires of adjacent spans. Corner supports can be intermediate and anchor type;
   4) terminal, installed at the beginning and end of the overhead line, as well as in places limiting cable inserts. They are anchor-type supports and must perceive in normal operating modes of overhead lines one-sided tension of all wires.
The supports on which the branches from the overhead line are made are called branching; the supports on which the intersection of overhead lines of different directions or the intersection of overhead lines with engineering structures is performed are cross. These supports can be of all types indicated.

1.51.  Support structures should provide the ability to install:
street lighting fixtures of all types;
cable end sleeves;
protective devices;
sectioning and switching devices;
cabinets and shields for connecting electrical receivers.

1.52.  Supports, regardless of their type, can be free-standing, with struts or braces.
Guys of supports can be attached to anchors installed in the ground, or to stone, brick, reinforced concrete and metal elements of buildings and structures. The section of the guys is determined by calculation. They can be multi-wire or round steel. The cross-section of single-wire steel braces must be at least 25 sq. Mm.

1.53.  Supports of overhead lines must be calculated according to the first and second limit states in the normal operation of the overhead line for climatic conditions according to 1.11 and 1.12.
   Intermediate supports must be designed for the following load combinations:
the simultaneous effect of a transverse wind load on the wires, free or covered with ice, and on the structure of the support, as well as the load from the tension of the branch wires to the bushings, free from ice or partially covered with ice (according to 1.12);
on the load from the tension of the branch wires to the inputs covered with ice, while taking into account the deflection of the support under the action of the load;
   for a conditional design load equal to 1.5 kN, applied to the top of the support and directed along the axis of the overhead line.
   Corner supports (intermediate and anchor) must be designed for the resultant load from wire pulling and wind load on the wires and support structure.
   Anchor supports should be designed for the difference in tension between wires of adjacent spans and transverse load from wind pressure with and without ice on the wires and the structure of the support. For the smallest value of the tension difference, 50% of the largest value of the one-sided tension of all wires should be taken.
End supports must be designed for one-sided pulling of all wires.
The branch supports are designed for the resulting stress from the pulling of all wires.

1.54.  When installing supports on flooded sections of the route, where soil erosion or ice drift is possible, the supports must be strengthened (adding earth, paving, installing banquettes, installing ice cutters).

1.55.  The vertical distance from the VLI wires to the surface of the earth in a populated and uninhabited area to the ground and the carriageway of streets must be at least 5 m. It can be reduced in hard-to-reach areas up to 2.5 m and in inaccessible (mountain slopes, rocks, cliffs) - up to 1 m.
   When crossing the impassable part of the streets with branches from the VLI to the inputs into the buildings, the distance from the self-supporting insulated wire to the sidewalks of the pedestrian paths may be reduced to 3.5 m.
   The distance from the self-supporting insulated wire and insulated wires to the ground surface on the branches to the input must be at least 2.5 m.
   The distance from bare wires to the ground surface at the branches to the inputs must be at least 2.75 m.

1.56. The distance from the wires of overhead lines in populated and uninhabited areas with the largest sag of the wires to the ground and the roadway of the streets should be at least 6 m. The distance from the wires to the ground can be reduced in hard-to-reach areas up to 3.5 m and in inaccessible areas (mountain slopes, rocks, cliffs) - up to 1 m.

1.57.  The horizontal distance from the self-supporting insulated wire at their greatest deviation to the elements of buildings and structures should be at least:
1.0 m - to balconies, terraces and windows;
0.2 m - to the blank walls of buildings, structures.
   It is allowed to pass overhead lines and overhead lines with insulated wires over the roofs of buildings and structures, while the vertical distance from them to the wires should be at least 2.5 m.

1.58. The horizontal distance from the overhead lines with their greatest deviation to buildings and structures should be at least:
1.5 m - to balconies, terraces and windows;
1.0 m - to blank walls.
The passage of overhead lines with bare wires over buildings and structures is not allowed.

1.59.  The smallest distance from the self-supporting insulated wire and the wires of the overhead line to the surface of the earth or water, as well as to various structures when the overhead line passes over them, is determined at the highest air temperature without taking into account the heating of the overhead line wires by electric current.

1.60.  When laying along the walls of buildings and structures, the minimum distance from the self-supporting insulated wire should be:
when laying horizontally
above the window, the entrance door - 0.3 m;
under the balcony, window, cornice - 0.5 m;
to the ground - 2.5 m;
with vertical laying
to the window - 0.5 m;
to the balcony, front door - 1.0 m.
   The clear distance between the self-supporting insulated wire and the wall of a building or structure must be at least 0.06 m.

1.61.  The horizontal distances from the underground parts of the supports or ground electrodes of the supports to underground cables, pipelines and ground columns for various purposes must be at least as shown in Table. 1.4.  

1.62.  When crossing overhead lines with various structures, as well as with streets and squares of settlements, the intersection angle is not standardized.

1.63.  The intersection of overhead lines with navigable rivers and canals is not recommended. If it is necessary to perform such an intersection, overhead lines must be constructed in accordance with the requirements. When crossing non-navigable rivers and canals, the smallest distance from the overhead line wires to the highest water level should be at least 2 m, and to the ice level - at least 6 m.

1.64.  Intersections and convergence of overhead lines with voltage up to 1 kV with overhead lines with voltages above 1 kV, as well as joint suspension of their wires on common supports must be performed in compliance with the requirements.

1.65. The intersection of overhead lines (VLI) up to 1 kV with each other is recommended to be performed on cross supports; their intersection in the span is also allowed. The vertical distance between the wires of intersecting overhead lines (VLI) must be at least: 0.1 m on the support, 1 m in the span.

1.66.  At the intersection of overhead lines up to 1 kV, intermediate supports and anchor-type supports can be used with each other.
When crossing overhead lines up to 1 kV with each other in the span, the crossing point should be chosen as close as possible to the support of the upper crossing overhead line, while the horizontal distance from the supports of the crossing overhead line to the wires of the overhead line being crossed, with their greatest deviation, should be at least 2m.

1.67.  With parallel passage and convergence of overhead lines up to 1kV and overhead lines above 1kV, the horizontal distance between them should be at least indicated.

1.68.  Joint suspension of wires of overhead lines up to 1kV and bare wires of overhead lines up to 20kV on common supports is allowed subject to the following conditions:
   1) overhead lines up to 1kV must be performed according to the calculated climatic conditions of overhead lines up to 20kV;
   2) wires of overhead lines up to 20kV should be located above the wires of overhead lines up to 1kV;
   3) wires of overhead lines up to 20 kV, fixed on pin insulators, must have double fastening.

1.69.  When suspended on common supports of wires of overhead lines up to 1 kV and protected wires of
   overhead lines 6-20 kV, the following requirements must be observed: 1) overhead lines up to 1 kV must be performed according to the calculated climatic conditions of overhead lines up to 20 kV;
   2) wires of overhead lines 6-20 kV should be located, as a rule, above the wires of overhead lines up to 1 kV;
   3) the fastening of 6-20 kV VLZ wires on pin insulators should be reinforced.

1.70.  When crossing an overhead line (VLI) with an overhead line with a voltage higher than 1kV, the distance from the wires of the crossing overhead line to the crossed overhead line (VLI) must meet the requirements.

1.71.  The angle of intersection of the overhead line with the LS * and LPV should be as close to 90 ° as possible. For confined conditions, the intersection angle is not standardized.

1.72.  The vertical distance from the wires of the overhead line to the wires or overhead cables of the LAN and LPV in the span of the intersection with the largest sag of the overhead line wire should be:
   from the self-supporting insulated wire and insulated wires - at least 1m;
   from bare wires - not less than 1.25m.

1.73.  The vertical distance from the wires of the overhead line up to 1 kV to the wires or overhead cables of a LAN or LPV when crossing on a common support should be:
between the self-supporting insulated wire and the LAN or LPV - at least 0.5 m;
between the uninsulated wire of the overhead line and the LPV - at least 1.5 m.
   * LAN should be understood as communication lines of the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation and other departments, as well as signaling lines of the Ministry of Railways.
   LPV should be understood as wire broadcasting lines.
   Overhead communication lines, according to their purpose, are divided into long-distance telephone lines (MTS), rural telephone lines (STS), city telephone lines (GTS), wire broadcasting lines (LPV).
   By importance, overhead communication lines and wire broadcasting are subdivided into classes:
   MTS and STS lines: MTS trunk lines connecting Moscow with republican, regional and regional centers and the latter among themselves, and the lines of the Ministry of Railways passing along railways and along the territory of railway stations (class I); intra-zone lines of MTS, connecting republican, regional and regional centers with regional centers and the latter among themselves, and connecting lines of STS (class II); subscriber lines STS (class III);
GTS lines are not subdivided into classes;
   wire broadcasting lines: feeder lines with rated voltage above 360 ​​V (class I); feeder lines with rated voltage up to 360 V and subscriber lines with voltages of 15 and 30 V (class II).

1.74. The place of intersection of overhead lines with wires or overhead cables of drugs and power lines in the span should be as close as possible to the overhead line support, but not less than 2m from it.

1.75.  The intersection of overhead lines with drugs and LPV can be performed according to one of the following options:
1) overhead lines and insulated wires of drugs and LPV;
2) wires of overhead lines and underground or overhead cables of drugs and power supplies;
3) wires of overhead lines and bare wires of drugs and LPV;
4) an underground cable insert in overhead lines with insulated and non-insulated LS and LPV wires.

1.76.  When crossing overhead lines with insulated wires of drugs and power lines, the following requirements must be observed:
   1) crossing of overhead lines with drugs and power lines can be performed in the span and on the support;
   2) the intersection of bare wires of overhead lines with LAN wires, as well as with LPV wires with a voltage higher than 360 V should be performed only in the span. The intersection of bare wires of overhead lines with wires of LPV with a voltage of up to 360 V can be performed both in the span and on a common support;
   3) overhead line supports limiting the span of intersection with the LAN of main and intra-zone communication networks and connecting lines of STS, as well as LPV with a voltage higher than 360 V, must be of an anchor type. At the intersection of all other drugs and LPV, supports of intermediate type overhead lines, reinforced with an additional attachment or strut, are allowed;
   4) the wires of the overhead line should be located above the wires of the LAN and LPV. On the supports limiting the span of the intersection, bare and insulated wires of the overhead line must have a double fastening, the self-supporting insulated wire is fixed with anchor clamps. The LAN and LPV wires on the supports limiting the crossing span must have double fastening. In cities and urban-type settlements, newly constructed drugs and power supply lines are allowed to be located above the wires of overhead lines with a voltage of up to 1 kV.

1.77.  When crossing overhead lines with an underground or overhead cable of drugs and power supplies, the following requirements must be met:
   1) the distance from the underground part of the metal or reinforced concrete support and the ground electrode of the wooden support to the underground cable of the LAN and LPV in the populated area should, as a rule, be at least 3m. In cramped conditions, it is allowed to reduce these distances to 1m (provided that interfering influences on drugs and LPV are admissible); in this case, the cable must be laid in a steel pipe or covered with a channel or angle steel along the length on both sides of the support at least 3 m.
   2) in an uninhabited area, the distance from the underground part or the ground electrode of the overhead line support to the underground cable of the LAN and LPV should be at least the values ​​given in table. 1.5;

   3) the wires of the overhead line should be located, as a rule, above the overhead cable of the LAN and LPV (see also 1.76, p. 4);
   4) the connection of the overhead lines in the span of the intersection with the overhead cable of the LS and LPV is not allowed. The cross-section of the supporting core of the self-supporting insulated wire must be at least 35 sq. Mm. Overhead lines must have a multi-wire cross-section of at least: aluminum - 35 sq. Mm, Steel-aluminum - 25 sq. Mm; cross-section of the self-supporting insulated wire with all carrying conductors of the bundle - at least 25 sq.mm;
   5) the metal sheath of the overhead cable and the cable on which the cable is suspended must be grounded on the supports limiting the span of the crossing;
   6) the horizontal distance from the base of the cable support of the LAN and LPV to the projection of the nearest overhead line wire on the horizontal plane should be not less than the maximum height of the support of the intersection span.

1.78. When crossing VLI with uninsulated wires of drugs and LPV, the following requirements must be observed:
   1) the intersection of VLI with drugs and LPV can be performed in the span and on the support;
   2) VLI supports, limiting the span of intersection with the LAN of the main and intra-zone communication networks and with the connecting lines of the STS, must be of the anchor type. At the intersection of all other drugs and LPV on the VLI, the use of intermediate supports, reinforced with an additional attachment or strut, is allowed;
   3) the bearing core of a self-supporting insulated wire or a bundle with all bearing conductors at the intersection must have a tensile safety factor at the highest design loads of at least 2.5;
   4) the VLI wires should be located above the LAN and LPV wires. On the supports that limit the span of the intersection, the supporting wires of the self-supporting insulated wire must be fixed with tension clamps. VLI wires are allowed to be located under LPV wires. In this case, the LPV wires on the supports limiting the span of the intersection must have a double fastening;
   5) the connection of the bearing core and the bearing conductors of the self-supporting insulated wire harness, as well as the LAN and LPV wires in the intersection spans is not allowed.

1.79.  When crossing insulated and uninsulated wires of overhead lines with uninsulated wires of drugs and LPV, the following requirements must be observed:
   1) the intersection of wires of overhead lines with wires of drugs, as well as wires of LPV with a voltage higher than 360 V should be performed only in the span.
   The intersection of overhead lines with subscriber and feeder lines of LPV with a voltage of up to 360 V is allowed to be performed on overhead lines;
   2) the overhead line supports limiting the span of the intersection must be of the anchor type;
   3) drug wires, both steel and non-ferrous metal, must have a safety factor for tensile strength at the highest design loads of at least 2.2;
   4) the wires of the overhead line should be located above the wires of the LAN and LPV. On the supports limiting the span of the intersection, the wires of the overhead line must have a double fastening. The wires of overhead lines with a voltage of 380/220 V and below are allowed to be placed under the wires of the LPV and GTS lines. In this case, the wires of the LPV and GTS lines on the supports limiting the span of the intersection must have a double fastening;
   5) the connection of the overhead line wires, as well as the LAN and LPV wires in the intersection spans is not allowed. Overhead lines must be multi-wire with cross-sections of at least: aluminum - 35 sq. Mm, Steel-aluminum - 25 sq. Mm.

1.80.  When crossing an underground cable insert in an overhead line with uninsulated and insulated wires of drugs and LPV, the following requirements must be observed:
   1) the distance from the underground cable insert in the overhead line to the support of the LAN and LPV and its ground electrode must be at least 1 m, and when laying the cable in an insulating pipe - not less than 0.5m;
   2) the horizontal distance from the base of the cable support of the overhead line to the projection of the nearest LAN and LPV wire on the horizontal plane must be at least the maximum height of the support span of the intersection.

1.81. The horizontal distance between the VLI wires and the LAN and LPV wires with parallel passage or approach should be at least 1 m.
   When approaching overhead lines with airborne drugs and LPV, the horizontal distance between insulated and uninsulated wires of overhead lines and wires of drugs and LPV should be at least 2m. In cramped conditions, this distance can be reduced to 1.5 m. In all other cases, the distance between the lines should be at least the height of the highest support of the overhead line, LS and LPV.
   When approaching overhead lines with underground or overhead cables of drugs and power supplies, the distances between them should be taken in accordance with 1.77 p. 1 and

5.1.82. The convergence of overhead lines with antenna structures of transmitting radio centers, receiving radio centers, dedicated receiving points for wire broadcasting and local radio centers is not standardized.

1.83.  The wires from the overhead line support to the entry into the building should not intersect with the branch wires from the LAN and LPV, and they should be located at the same level or above the LAN and LPV. The horizontal distance between the wires of the overhead line and the wires of the LAN and LPV, television cables and slopes from radio antennas at the inputs should be at least 0.5 m for self-supporting insulated wires and 1.5 m for uninsulated wires of overhead lines.

1.84.  Joint suspension of an overhead cable for rural telephone communications and VLI is allowed if the following requirements are met:
1) the zero core of the self-supporting insulated wire must be insulated;
2) the distance from the self-supporting insulated wire to the STS overhead cable in the span and on the VLI support must be at least 0.5 m;
3) each VLI support must have a grounding device, while the grounding resistance must be no more than 10 ohms;
4) on each VLI support, the PEN conductor must be re-grounded;
5) the carrying rope of the telephone cable together with the metal mesh outer cover of the cable must be connected to the ground electrode of each support by a separate independent conductor (descent).

1.85.  Joint suspension on common supports of bare wires of overhead lines, LS and LPV is not allowed.
   On common supports, joint suspension of bare wires of overhead lines and insulated wires of LPV is allowed. In this case, the following conditions must be met:
1) the rated voltage of the overhead line should be no more than 380 V;
2) the rated voltage of the LPV should be no more than 360 V;
3) the distance from the lower wires of the LPV to the ground, between the LPV circuits and their wires must comply with the requirements of the current rules of the Ministry of Communications of Russia;
4) bare wires of overhead lines should be located above the wires of LPV; at the same time, the vertical distance from the lower wire of the overhead line to the upper wire of the LPV should be at least 1.5 m on the support, and at least 1.25 m in the span; when the LPV wires are located on the brackets, this distance is taken from the bottom wire of the overhead line located on the same side as the LPV wires.

1.86. On common supports, a joint suspension of the VLI SIP with bare or insulated LS and LPV wires is allowed. In this case, the following conditions must be observed:
1) the rated voltage of the VLI must be no more than 380 V;
2) the rated voltage of the LPV should be no more than 360 V;
3) the nominal voltage of the LAN, the calculated mechanical stress in the wires of the LAN, the distance from the lower wires of the LAN and LPV to the ground, between the circuits and their wires must comply with the requirements of the current rules of the Ministry of Communications of Russia;
4) VLI wires up to 1 kV should be located above the LAN and LPV wires; at the same time, the vertical distance from the self-supporting insulated wire to the upper wire of the LS and LPV, regardless of their relative position, should be at least 0.5 m on the support and in the span. It is recommended to locate the VLI and LS and LPV wires on different sides of the support.

1.87.  Joint suspension on common supports of bare wires of overhead lines and LAN cables is not allowed. Joint suspension on common supports of overhead lines with a voltage of no more than 380 V and LPV cables is allowed subject to the conditions.
Optical fibers OKNN must meet the requirements.

1.88. Joint suspension on common supports of overhead lines with a voltage of no more than 380 V and telemechanics wires is allowed subject to the requirements given in 1.85 and 1.86, and also if telemechanics circuits are not used as wired telephone communication channels.

1.89.  On the supports of overhead lines (VLI), it is allowed to suspend fiber-optic communication cables (OK):
non-metallic self-supporting (OCSN);
non-metallic, wound on a phase wire or a self-supporting insulated wire harness (OKNN).
   Mechanical calculations of supports of overhead lines (VLI) with OKSN and OKNN should be performed for the initial conditions specified in 1.11 and 1.12.
   Supports of overhead lines, on which the OC is suspended, and their fastening in the ground must be calculated taking into account the additional loads arising from this.
   The distance from the OKSN to the earth's surface in populated and uninhabited areas must be at least 5 m.
   The distances between the wires of the overhead line up to 1 kV and OKSN on the support and in the span must be at least 0.4 m.

1.90.  When crossing and parallel following overhead lines with railways and highways, the requirements must be met.
   Intersections can also be performed using a cable insert in the overhead line.

1.91.  When the overhead line approaches highways, the distance from the overhead line wires to the road signs and their supporting cables must be at least 1 m. The supporting cables must be grounded with a grounding device resistance of no more than 10 ohms.

1.92.  When crossing and approaching overhead lines with contact wires and supporting cables of tram and trolleybus lines, the following requirements must be met:
   1) Overhead lines should, as a rule, be located outside the area occupied by the structures of contact networks, including supports.
   In this area, the overhead line supports must be of the anchor type, and the bare wires must be double-fastened;
   2) the wires of the overhead line must be located above the carrying cables of the contact wires. Overhead line wires must be multi-wire with a cross section of at least: aluminum - 35 sq.mm, steel-aluminum - 25 sq.mm, self-supporting insulated wire conductor - 35 sq.mm, cross-section of self-supporting insulated insulated wire with all carrying conductors of the bundle - not less than 25 sq.mm. The connection of overhead lines in the intersection spans is not allowed;
   3) the distance from the wires of the overhead line with the largest sag should be at least 8 m to the rail head of the tram line and 10.5 m to the carriageway of the street in the zone of the trolleybus line.
   Moreover, in all cases, the distance from the overhead line wires to the supporting cable or contact wire must be at least 1.5 m;
   4) the intersection of overhead lines with contact wires at the locations of the crossbars is prohibited;
   5) joint suspension on supports of trolleybus lines of overhead lines and wires of overhead lines with a voltage of not more than 380 V is allowed under the following conditions: the supports of trolleybus lines must have mechanical strength sufficient for hanging overhead lines, the distance between the wires of the overhead line and the bracket or device for fastening the supporting cable of the contact wires must be at least 1.5 m.

1.93.  When crossing and approaching overhead lines with cable cars and overhead metal pipelines, the following requirements must be met:
   1) the overhead line must pass under the cable car; the passage of overhead lines over the cable car is not allowed;
   2) cable cars should have a walkway or nets at the bottom for fencing overhead lines;
   3) when the overhead line passes under the cable car or under the pipeline, the overhead line wires must be at a distance from them: at least 1 m - with the smallest sag of the wires to the walkways or fencing nets of the cable car or to the pipeline; not less than 1 m - with the largest sag and the greatest deviation of the wires to the elements of the cable car or to the pipeline;
   4) when crossing the overhead line with the pipeline, the distance from the overhead line wires with their largest sag to the pipeline elements must be at least 1 m. Supports of overhead lines, limiting the span of intersection with the pipeline, must be of an anchor type. The pipeline in the crossing span must be grounded, the resistance of the ground electrode should be no more than 10 ohms;
   5) when parallel following the overhead line with the cable car or pipeline, the horizontal distance from the overhead line wires to the cable car or pipeline should be at least the height of the support, and on confined sections of the route with the greatest deviation of the wires - at least 1 m.

1.94.  When approaching overhead lines with fire and explosive installations and with aerodromes, the requirements should be followed.

1.95.  The passage of overhead lines up to 1 kV with insulated and non-insulated wires is not allowed in the territories of sports facilities, schools (general education and boarding schools), technical schools, kindergartens (nurseries, kindergartens, kindergartens), orphanages, children's playgrounds, as well as on the territories of children's health camps.
   In the above territories (except for sports and playgrounds), the passage of VLI is allowed, provided that the zero core of the self-supporting insulated wire must be insulated, and its total conductivity must be at least the conductivity of the phase conductor of the self-supporting insulated wire.